How OSI Works ?

Virtually all networks in use today are based in some fashion on the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) standard. OSI was developed in 1984 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), a global federation of national standards organizations representing approximately 130 countries.

The core of this standard is the OSI Reference Model, a set of seven layers that define the different stages that data must go through to travel from one device to another over a network. In this article, you'll find out all about the OSI standard.

thx to: howstuffworks.com

Luxury OSI model

The Open Systems Interconnection Basic Reference Model (OSI Reference Model or OSI Model for short) is a layered, abstract description for communications and computer network protocol design, developed as part of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) initiative. It is also called the OSI seven layer model. The layers, described below, are, from top to bottom, Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical. A layer is a collection of related functions that provides services to the layer above it and receives service from the layer below it. For example, a layer that provides error-free communications across a network provides the path needed by applications above it, while it calls the next lower layer to send and receive packets that make up the contents of the path.

Even though newer IETF and IEEE protocols, and indeed OSI protocol work subsequent to the publication of the original architectural standards that have largely superseded it, the OSI model is an excellent place to begin the study of network architecture. Not understanding that the pure seven-layer model is more historic than current, many beginners make the mistake of trying to fit every protocol they study into one of the seven basic layers. This is not always easy to do as many of the protocols in use on the Internet today were designed as part of the TCP/IP model, and may not fit cleanly into the OSI model.

Something about luxury banks!

A bank is a commercial or state institution that provides financial services, including issuing money in form of coins, banknotes or debit cards, receiving deposits of money, lending money and processing transactions. A commercial bank accepts deposits from customers and in turn makes loans based on those deposits. Some banks (called Banks of issue) issue banknotes as legal tender. Many banks offer ancillary financial services to make additional profit; for example: selling insurance products, investment products or stock broking. BRD-SG in Iaşi - A small branch dedicated to retail services BRD-SG in Iaşi - A small branch dedicated to retail services Currently in most jurisdictions commercial banks are regulated and require permission to operate. Operational authority is granted by bank regulatory authorities and provide rights to conduct the most fundamental banking services such as accepting deposits and making loans. A commercial bank is usually defined as an institution that both accepts deposits and makes loans; there are also financial institutions that provide selected banking services without meeting the legal definition of a bank (see banking institutions). Banks have a long history, and have influenced economies and politics for centuries. In history, the primary purpose of a bank was to provide liquidity to trading companies. Banks advanced funds to allow businesses to purchase inventory, and collected those funds back with interest when the goods were sold. For centuries, the banking industry only dealt with businesses, not consumers. Commercial lending today is a very intense activity, with banks carefully analysing the financial condition of its business clients to determine the level of risk in each loan transaction. Banking services have expanded to include services directed at individuals and risk in these much smaller transactions are pooled. A bank generates a profit from the differential between what level of interest it pays for deposits and other sources of funds, and what level of interest it charges in its lending activities. This difference is referred to as the spread between the cost of funds and the loan interest rate. Historically, profitability from lending activities has been cyclic and dependent on the needs and strengths of loan customers. In recent history, investors have demanded a more stable revenue stream and banks have therefore placed more emphasis on transaction fees, primarily loan fees but also including service charges on array of deposit activities and ancillary services (international banking, foreign exchange, insurance, investments, wire transfers, etc.). However, lending activities still provide the bulk of a commercial bank's income.

All about FOREX!

Forex currency exchange is the biggest financial market in the word nowadays, with daily turnover outstripping 1.9 trillion dollars. It�s basis are transactions made 24 hours a day between banks and financial institutions called Interbank. Interbank begins it�s day in Sydney, and continues through Tokyo and New York to London along with awakening of other financial capitals.

Nowadays numerous investors profit on currency transactions using unusual fluency of Forex, its clarity and strong technical trend. Till now, according to huge transaction units and high financial requirements, main beneficiaries of currency market were banks, currency dealers and great speculators. The development of computers and Internet enabled access to advantages of Forex for numerous investors all over the world.
Forex Marker is OTC market (Over The Counter). It means that transactions are realized by both sides via phone and/or electronic systems, and turnover is not centralized. The trade starts in Sydney, next moves to Tokyo and London to close the day in New York. Trade on Forex market lasts 5 day each week, starting on Sunday at 11:00pm and ends on Friday at 11:00pm (local time).

Characteristic features of Forex.
Forex Marker is also called OTC market (Over The Counter). It means that transactions are realized by both sides via phone and/or electronic systems. Turnover is not centralized. Nowadays numerous investors profit on currency transactions using unusual fluency of Forex, its clarity and strong technical trend. The volume exceeding 50 times value of all American share�s markets altogether ensures credibility of technical analysis, security of transactions and the best protection against artificial price changing attempts.

One of the most significant aspects of Forex are risk limiting strategies. Investors often use the �stop-loss� order and orders with price limit. High turnover guarantees almost 100% realization of any defending orders and success in investment strategies. Moreover, 24 hours a day, 5 days a week turnover cause that so called price gaps (when closing price are significantly differs from next day opening price) are very rare.

Next unique feature of Forex are strong trends and lack of bull market and boom. Investors trade couples of currencies, so when one is falling the second one is in increasing trend. This fact is important for investors, who choose any trend (increasing or decreasing). You can make up your mind in any moment which trend you want to bet on, according to where your strategy suits best and where you feel comfortable.

Info is from http://peres.taxinusa.net

Luxury making money online II

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Luxury FOREX

The spot Forex market is a $1.4 trillion daily market, making it the largest and most liquid market in the world. This market can absorb trading volume and transaction sizes that dwarf the capacity of any other market. If you compare this to the $30 billion per day futures market it becomes clear that the futures markets provide only limited liquidity.

There is always buyer and seller in Forex market. The Forex market absorbs trading volumes and per trade size which dwarfs the capacity of any other market. On the simplest level, liquidity is a powerful attraction to any investor as it suggest the freedom to enter or exit the market at any time. Forex traders benefit from the ability to respond to breaking news immediately. There is no other market or investments that you can ever make an exit exactly at the time you wish to.

The Forex market is open 24 hours daily. When Asia market is close, the European market start follows by the USA market and continue by Asia market again the next day. Thus, this allows Forex traders to take positions regardless of the hour and locations.

Forex (Over the the Counter) he does not is having the definite place of location which folds oneself from the net joint with me with the help of as well as investors individual telephone link and different of electronic systems of turn banks, brokers, enterprises. The lack of definite place of physical location of monetary market makes possible him functioning 24 hour on day by 5 days in week. Market this hugs his range the majority of countries of world and they to the largest centres of monetary transactions belong Londyn, New York and Tokio.

The market monetary Forex it is the the largest financial market of world. The size of day turns crosses 1,5 billion the USD, what the state the 300% of total turns on American market of action and bond.

Luxury Jewellery: RINGS

Luxury making money online

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Luxury Bowling

Bowling has always maintained a steady level of niche popularity, with very little about the hobby having changed since its heyday in the 50s. But in the less than glamorous pastime, designers and entrepreneurs have found an opportunity to strike. Introducing VIP bowling: All Star Lanes in London and SM Bowling Center’s new alley for Manila’s Mall of Asia are two high-end bowling alleys that blend kitsch with class, adding an air of elitism to what is usually thought of as a populist sport. Stripped of their trashy charm, these new alleys feature decors suited for a luxury lounge or club, turning a Saturday at the neighborhood lanes into a night out on the town.

Ukranian Party Boat

Stan Stalnaker from Hub Culture dropped us a line from Italy to tell us about the big impact a tricked-out lowrider powerboat had at the Ukranian pavilion party. Stan says:

The 52nd Venice Biennale of Art is well underway, attracting global luminaries to the city in the sea for several days of major networking, partying, and raised eyebrows as they peruse work from the world’s top artists… For outrageous fun, the Chicago based DZine featured a tricked-out lowrider powerboat at the Ukranian pavilion party organzied by Lanza and Baucina, one of the hotter tickets alongside Hugo Boss at the Guggenheim and the Russian Pavilion at Cipriani late night.

DZine lives in a Ukrainian neighborhood in Chicago. The Ukrainian Pavilion website says:

The body of the boat is painted in the traditional blue and yellow colours of the Ukrainian flag. According to the lowrider credo of crude barbarian luxury. At the stern of the boat, the artist installs a DJ deck and plasma screens, which show his interview with Ukrainian and American youth. Dzine tries to peek into the future and understand how the ‘great American’ and ‘great Ukrainian’ dreams look like today…

Luxury jewellery

Diamonds really are forever and very desirable objects. As Zsa Zsa Gabor once said - 'I never hated a man enough to give him his diamonds back'. Elizabeth Taylor also once said 'big girls need big diamonds'. Pictured above is a tension set diamond ring made from titanium. Pictured above is diamond ring from our diamond rings section.

Luxury cars: Dauer 962 Le Mans

The Dauer 962 Le Mans is a super car based on the dominant Porsche 962 racing car. Built by German Jochen Dauer, a racing version of this supercar went on to win the 1994 24 Hours of Leman with the support of Porsche through the use of regulation loopholes.

Welcome on this websites!

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